Basic electrical terms and definitions understanding electricity requires knowledge of these basic electrical terms. What are rated voltage, nominal voltage and average voltage. It is made up of conductors which rotate through a magnetic field to provide voltage or force by electromagnetic induction. Voltage is the force that is applied to a conductor to free electrons, which causes electrical current to flow. The voltage available in a flashlight battery is about 1. Alternating current ac the type of mains electricity used in the uk having a cyclical current waveform. The voltage between two points a and b is defined as vab v dwdq, i. Provide some method of voltage division to meet equipment needs. One slip ring is attached to each end of the rotating loop. Utilization voltage the voltage at the terminals of the equipment, e. Build an intuitive understanding of current and voltage, and power.
An introduction to electric power transmission presentation. The electrical science handbook consists of fifteen modules that are contained in four volumes. The modules listed in the overview are linked to the corresponding pages. In circuits, flowing water is replaced by flowing electrical charge, also known as current, and elevation change is. Its a quick and easy test that doesnt require any disassembly and will quickly show you whether or not you have a good connection or a bad one.
Voltage drop in volts v i current in amperes r conductive resistance in ohms ft. In other words, it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field, or an electric circuit, at a given point. It is the rate of current flowing through the body, more than anything else, which determines how severe the shock will be. Current will flow in a conductor as long as voltage, the electrical pressure, is applied to the conductor. Volume 1 of 4 module 1 basic electrical theory this module describes basic electrical concepts and introduces electrical terminology. Voltage drop can be thought of as wasted electricity.
Electrical safety in the workplace 2 course goal the aim of this program is to provide comprehensive onsite training to high risk workers i. If you look on your phone charger it probably says something to the effect of input. Voltage is the difference in charge between two points. Voltage is measured using a unit called, naturally, the volt, usually abbreviated v. Resistance is a materials tendency to resist the flow of charge current. Total harmonic distortion and effects in electrical power systems associated power technologies introduction the power quality of distribution systems has a drastic effect on power regulation and consumption. Service voltage the voltage at the utility, or source of supply, boundary. Voltage drop refers to a similar process that occurs in electrical circuits. The choice of system voltage according to ansi standard c84. Capacitance the ability of a body to store an electrical charge. Substation a part of an electrical transmission system that transforms voltage from high to low, or the reverse.
The output voltage is taken from the rotor by the sli p rings and brushes. Article 490 of the national electrical code defines high voltage as more than 600 volts, nominal. The voltage of an electrical current is its force measured in volts. The pivoted points in generator regulators are also. These devices need two external ceramic capacitors to produce stable, efficient positive voltages. The potential difference between two points is called as voltage. The electric power is produced by the generator and can also be supplied by the electrical batteries.
Definition of threshold voltage in the definitions. This provides an overview of voltage from the perspective of an electronics technician. Qualified person one who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize and avoid the. Another factor to consider regarding service voltage is the voltage regulation of the utility system. Georg ohm covered in this tutorial how electrical charge relates to voltage, current, and resistance. In engineering the related signal variable voltage, denoted by v, is used.
Times, sunday times 2008 the technology works by reducing the voltage of mains electricity entering a. Explain what the electrical terms voltage, current, and resistance mean, using your own words. Voltage drop the drop in voltage from the voltage source to a load caused by resistance in a circuit path mostly wires. It is equal to the work that would have to be done per unit charge. However, this must be considered along with the fact that medium voltage distribution will generally result in smaller conductor sizes and will make control of voltage drop easier. Step voltages up or step voltages down, by transformer action, to the required ac line voltage. The term recognizes italian physicist alessandro volta 17451827, inventor of the voltaic pilethe forerunner of todays household battery. Total harmonic distortion and effects in electrical power.
Santosh, founder of this electronics tutorial website, is an electronics geek, blogger and young. Times, sunday times 2009 or a surge of high voltage as you turn on the ignition. Voltage measuring energy directly is not convenient. Dictionary grammar blog school scrabble thesaurus translator quiz more resources more from collins. What ohms law is and how to use it to understand electricity. Rated voltage is the voltage that the manufacturer specifies for a device or a piece of equipment to operate within. The voltage drop test is the most effective way to find bad connections in electrical circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformers core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. The bes definition is a componentbased definition that, when appropriately applied, assesses whether facilities fall within the brightline criteria established in the core definition, its inclusions, andor its. Low voltage switchgear provides centralized control and protection of low voltage power equipment and circuits in industrial, commercial and utility installations involving transformers, generators, motors eaton. The difference in electric potential between two points i. The voltage thats available in a standard electrical outlet in the united states is about 117 v. Voltage the electrical force or potential difference measured in volts v. Isolation is a term that means there are no electrical connections between.
Power electrical measurement of the total electrical energy including voltage force times current quantity. Capacitor a device used to store an electric charge. Pictorial glossary the pictorial glossary includes definitions and illustrations for many terms that are frequently used in the electrical industry. The plasma screen consists of tiny gas plasma cells that are charged at exact electrical voltages to make a picture. Terms that are underlined and italicized are included in the glossary as a separate definition. This portable document format \ pdf \ file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. It is simply the difference between the voltage measurement at the source and the voltage measurement at the point of use. The choice of voltage levels for the different electric and hybrid drives is determined by the relevant application within the electrical powertrain, resulting in great variation and individuality.
Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points. Then measure the voltage and current by attaching your volt meter to the two pieces of metal. The brushes make sliding electrical contact with the slip rings. Johan lundquist of the chalmers university of technology in goteberg. Reference 1 lists the standard voltages for the united states and their ranges. Common voltage levels of 1224 volt are still used for supplying most of the vehicle and convenience features and will continue to do so in the future.
The following is a brief description of the information presented in each module of the handbook. In other words, the electric power is defined as the rate of the transferred of energy. In these instances, low voltage switchgear is often the optimal solution. Voltage definition of voltage by the free dictionary. If a circuit has much of a load, a larger conductor that allows less voltage drop pays for itself many times over in energy savings alone.
From cambridge english corpus coupling interactions between voltage sensors of the sodium channel as revealed by sitespecific measurements. Voltages defined by the utility as distribution should, in most cases, have adequate voltage regulation for the loads served. Voltages defined as subtransmission or transmission, however, often require the use of voltage regulators or loadtap changing transformers at the. Voltage definition is electric potential or potential difference expressed in volts. Voltage, also called electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field. While the nec does not include a standalone definition of medium voltage, article 328 details the code requirements related to mediumvoltage or type mv cable. Times, sunday times 2010 automatic voltage selection enables the shaver to be used anywhere in the world. The generators ac output voltage can be transferred from the slip rings.
The rate at which the work is being done in an electrical circuit is called an electric power. Alternating current ac ammeter ampacity amperehour ah ampere a apparent power armature capacitance capacitor circuit circuit breaker conductor corona current i cycle demand dielectric constant dielectric strength diode direct current dc electrolyte. Measured in farads as the ratio of the electric charge of the object q, measured in coulombs to the voltage across the object v, measured in volts. Voltage is a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge. A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits. Voltage definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Information and translations of threshold voltage in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Apparent power is the product of the rms voltage and the rms current. Ac drive an electronic device used to control the speed of an ac motor. Text headings in each module are linked to and f\ rom the table of contents for that module. Voltage pulses controlling both integration and readout are applied to the polysilicon electrodes. Voltage definition in the cambridge english dictionary.
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